Pakistan and Saudi Arabia signed a landmark mutual defence agreement on September 17, 2025, in Riyadh, pledging to treat an attack on one nation as an aggression against both. The pact, announced during Pakistani Prime Minister Shehbaz Sharif’s official state visit to Saudi Arabia, aims to bolster bilateral security cooperation amid rising regional tensions. Saudi Crown Prince Mohammed bin Salman hosted Sharif for discussions on strengthening their decades-old partnership, focusing on shared concerns like peace, stability, and global issues.
The agreement emphasizes joint military efforts, including protection against external threats. A senior Saudi official described it as the culmination of years of negotiations, highlighting the deep military ties between the two nations. Since 1967, Pakistan has trained over 8,200 Saudi personnel and participated in numerous joint exercises. With Pakistan’s nuclear capabilities, the deal raises questions about extended deterrence in the Middle East.
Sharif’s visit, which included talks on trade and economic collaboration, underscores the strategic alliance. Saudi state media (SPA) reported that the leaders exchanged views on regional dynamics, with both sides committing to enhanced defence support.
India’s Measured Response
India’s Ministry of External Affairs (MEA) responded cautiously, stating it will “study the implications” of the pact. Officials noted ongoing monitoring of developments, given the geopolitical context involving Pakistan. This comes amid strained India-Pakistan relations following the 2025 Pahalgam terror attack and Operation Sindoor. New Delhi has historically viewed Saudi-Pakistan ties with vigilance, especially regarding potential military alignments.
The agreement could reshape South Asian and Middle Eastern security landscapes, potentially influencing dynamics in conflicts like those in Gaza and Yemen. Analysts suggest it may deter aggression but could also escalate arms races in the region.
